ANSI认证简介

美国国家标准学会(American National Standard Institute,ANSI)是美国非营利性民间标准化团体。自愿性标准体系的协调中心。1918年10月19日, 美国材料试验协会(ASTM)、与美国机械工程师协会(ASME)、美国矿业与冶金工程师协会(ASMME)、美国土木工程师协会(ASCE)、美国电气工程师协会(AIEE)等组织，在美国商务部、陆军部和海军部3个政府机构的参与下，共同发起成立了美国工程标准委员会（AESC）。1928年AESC 改组为美国标准协会（ASA）,1966年8月又改组为美利坚合众国标准学会(USASI),1969年10月6日始改为现名。总部设在纽约。有250多个专业学会、协会、消费者组织以及1000多个公司（包括外国公司）参加。联邦政府机构的代表以个人名义参加其活动。不接受政府的资助。

ANSI经联邦政府授权，作为目愿性标准体系中的协调中心，其主要职能是：协调国内各机构、团体的标准化活动；审核批准美国国家标准；代表美国参加国际标准化活动；提供标准信息咨询服务；与政府机构进行合作。理事会是 ANSI的决策机构，由各大公司、企业、专业团体、研究机构、政府机关的代表组成。理事会休会期间，由执行委员会代行其职能。理事会下设执行标准商议会、标准审查部、国际标准委员会、审计鉴定部、认证委员会、团体会员商议会、公司会员商议会、消费者商议会等业务部门。下设电工、建筑、日用品、机械制造、安全技术等技术委员会。

ANSI标准编制程序

美国国家标准学会本身很少制订标准，其ANSI标准的编制遵循自愿公、公开性、透明性、协商一致性的原则主要采取以下三种方式：

1、投票调查法：由有关单位负责草拟，邀请专家或专业团体投票，将结果报ANSI设立的标准评审会审议批准。

2、委员会法：由ANSI的技术委员会和其他机构组织的委员会的代表拟订标准草案，全体委员投票表决，最后由标准评审会审核批准。

3、从各专业学会、协会团体制订的标准中，将其较成熟的，而且对于全国普遍具有重要意义者，经ANSI各技术委员会审核后，提升为国家标准(ANSI)并冠以ANSI标准代号及分类号，但同时保留原专业标准代号。

美国国家标准学会的标准，绝大多数来自各专业标准。另一方面，各专业学会、协会团体也可依据已有的国家标准制订某些产品标准。当然，也可不按国家标准来制订自己的协会标准。目前，经ANSI认可的标准制定机构有180多个，制定的标准总数有 3.7万个，占非政府标准的 75％。其中一小部分经ANSI批准为国家标准。ANSI制定发布的1.1万个标准中，只有1600个是它自行制定的。ANSI于1946年代表美国参加国际标准化组织(ISO)和国际电工委员会(IEC)。 ANSI是泛美技术标准委员会(COPANT)和太平洋地区标准会议(PASC)的积极成员。

ANSI在美国的作用

ANSI对产品认证机构、质量体系认证机构、实验室和评审人员进行认可，对质量体系认证和人员资格认可。ANSI评定过程的公正性由大家评议，并将评议意见在ANSI的周刊上发表。同时，建立申诉机制和管理办法，及时处理所有的申诉案例。

ANSI运作机构的特点是广泛与其他机构建立合作关系。ANSI与其他机构合作的项目，除实验室和评审人员的认可外，也有产品认证机构，体系认证机构等的认可，并积极借用其他机构的力量来完成。其合作伙伴及有关信息可在网络上查询。

制定认可政策和认可计划。ANSI代表国家参加相关的国际会议和活动，并代表美国，拟对全世界的信息技术设备建立相互认可关系作出贡献。

ANSI不直接从事产品认证工作。他特别强调通过认证可以提高产品竞争能力，给购买者以信任。同时统一标准，统一技术要求，统一解释，达到对标准和技术要求的一致理解，这是认可的意义所在，也是通过认证带来的非常明显的益处。

ANSI认证产品范围

ANSI认证产品的范围包括：

此外，ANSI还被美国国家标准技术学会（NIST）和美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）认可，授权认证以下产品项目：

无线电频率设备

电话终端设备

2003年，美国国家标准技术学会（NIST）作为加拿大电讯设备标准的美国认证机构。

ANSI个人防护用品标准介绍（ASNI107…）

ANSI/ISEA 107-2004 – American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear

高能见度安全服装美国国家标准

Description: This standard provides a uniform, authoritative guide for the design, performance specifications, and use of high-visibility and reflective apparel including vests, jackets, bib/jumpsuit coveralls, trousers and harnesses. Garments that meet this standard can be worn 24 hours a day to provide users with a high level of conspicuity through the use of combined fluorescent and retroreflective materials.

Requirement: To comply with ANSI/ISEA 107-2004, a garment’s background material, and retroreflective or combined-performance material, must be tested and certified by an independent, accredited third-party laboratory. The manufacturer of the finished item then verifies that the garment or headwear meets all the requirements of the standard, and provides a certificate of compliance for for each model.

ANSI Z87.1-2003 – American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection Devices

职业性和教学性眼睛和面部防护的方法

Description: ANSI Z87.1-2003, published in August 2003, establishes performance criteria and testing requirements for devices used to protect the eyes and face from injuries from impact, non-ionizing radiation and chemical exposure in workplaces and schools. It covers all types of protective devices, including:

spectacles (plano and prescription)

goggles

faceshields

welding helmets and handshields

full facepiece respirators

The standard includes descriptions and general requirements, as well as criteria for testing, marking, selection, use and care. Note that it does not apply to hazardous exposure to bloodborne pathogens, X-rays, high-energy particulate radiation, microwaves, high-frequency radiation, lasers, masers, or sports.

ANSI Z89.1-2003 – American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection

工业用头部保护用品

Description: This standard provides performance and testing requirements for industrial helmets, commonly known as hard hats. It is a revision of ANSI Z89.1-1997, which established the types and classes of protective helmets, depending on the type of hazard encountered. It includes specifications for helmets designed to offer protection from lateral impact, or top-only impact, giving employers and users the flexibility to specify the helmet that best meets the needs of their specific workplace.

ANSI/ISEA 101-1996 (R2002) – American National Standard for Limited-Use and Disposable Coveralls – Size and Labeling Requirements

有限使用和一次性防护服.尺寸和标签要求

ANSI/ISEA 102-1990 (R2003) – American National Standard for Gas Detector Tubes – Short Term Type for Toxic Gases and Vapors in Working Environments

气体检测管.在工作环境中毒气和毒蒸汽的快速检测型

ANSI/ISEA 104-1998 (R2003) – American National Standard for Air Sampling Devices – Diffusive Type for Gases and Vapors in Working Environments

空气抽样装置.工作场所中气体和蒸气的扩散类型

ANSI/ISEA 105-2005 – American National Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria

手部保护用品选择规范

ANSI Z308.1-2003 – American National Standard – Minimum Requirements for Workplace First Aid Kits

工作场所急救工具箱的最低要求

ANSI Z358.1-2004 – American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment

应急洗眼和淋浴用设备

部分ANSI标准介绍

ANSI Z97.1 – American National Standard For Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings – Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test

用于建筑的安全玻璃——安全性能规范和试验方法

Scope: In accordance with the scope determined by the 297 Standards Committee, this standard establishes the specifications and methods of test for the safety properties of safety glazing materials (glazing materials designed to promote safety and to reduce or minimize the likelihood of cutting and piercing injuries when the glazing materials are broken by human contact) as used for all building and architectural purposes.

注：玻璃产品的ANSI Z97.1检测报告可用于申请美国玻璃协会(Safety Glazing Certification Council)的SGCC认证证书

ANSI A14.2: 2000 – American National Standard For Ladders – Portable Metal – Safety Requirements

便携式金属梯的安全要求

Description: These standards detail specifications on the materials, construction requirements, test requirements, usage guidelines and labeling/marking requirements for portable ladders. The type of material to be used is determined by the environment the finished ladder will encounter (electrical hazards, temperature extremes, corrosion, outdoor weathering, etc.). Metal ladders do not have material guidelines. ladders are generally evaluated on their resistance to bending, strength in various positions and the quality of the individual components that make up the ladder.

Construction requirements include weight and size categories for portable ladders. Usage guidelines for portable ladders encompass selecting the proper ladder for the job being performed; inspecting prior to use to verify proper operation and cleanliness; evaluating ladder placement so that footing and top supports are secure and not creating a traffic hazard for pedestrians; utilizing proper climbing technique; and caring for and storing ladders. Ladders must be marked with ladder size, type, maximum length, number of sections (if appropriate), highest standing level, total length of sections (if applicable), model number, manufacturer’s name, manufacturer’s location, and date of manufacture. Usage guidelines and other warning statements must also be placed on the ladders in specific locations.

引自美国国家标准学会2005年1月