JEL分类系统 – 12Reads管理百科

什么是JEL分类系统

JEL分类系统是指美国经济学会《经济文献杂志》（Journal of Economic Literature)所创立的对经济学文献的主题分类系统，并被现代西方经济学界广泛采用。该分类方法主要采用开头的一个英文字母与随后的两位阿拉伯数字一起对经济学各部类进行“辞书式”编码分类。

JEL分类系统的分类号

1、总论教学

（ A- General Economics and Teaching ）

A1 – General Economics

A10 – General

A11 – Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists

A12 – Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines

A13 – Relation of Economics to Social Values

A14 – Sociology of Economics

A19 – Other

A2 – Economics Education and Teaching of Economics

A20 – General

A21 – Pre-college

A22 – Undergraduate

A23 – Graduate

A29 – Other

A3 – Multisubject Collective Works

A30 – General

A31 – Multisubject Collected Writings of Individuals

A32 – Multisubject Volumes

A39 – Other

2、流派方法

( B-Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology )

B0 – General

B00 – General

B1 – History of Economic Thought through 1925

B10 – General

B11 – Preclassical

B12 – Classical

B13 – Neoclassical through 1925

B14 – Socialist; Marxist

B15 – Historical; Institutional

B16 – Quantitative

B19 – Other

B2 – History of Economic Thought since 1925

B20 – General

B21 – Microeconomics

B22 – Macroeconomics

B23 – Econometrics; Quantitative Studies

B24 – Socialist; Marxist

B25 – Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian

B29 – Other

B3 – History of Thought: Individuals

B30 – General

B31 – Individuals

B4 – Economic Methodology

B40 – General

B41 – Economic Methodology

B49 – Other

B5 – Current Heterodox Approaches

B50 – General

B51 – Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian

B52 – Institutional; Evolutionary

B53 – Austrian

B59 – Other

3、数理数量

(C-Mathematical and Quantitative Methods)

C0 – General

C00 – General

C1 – Econometric and Statistical Methods: General

C10 – General

C11 – Bayesian Analysis

C12 – Hypothesis Testing

C13 – Estimation

C14 – Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods

C15 – Statistical Simulation Methods; Monte Carlo Methods; Bootstrap Methods

C16 – Specific Distributions

C19 – Other

C2 – Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables

C20 – General

C21 – Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models

C22 – Time-Series Models

C23 – Models with Panel Data

C24 – Truncated and Censored Models

C25 – Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models

C29 – Other

C3 – Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables

C30 – General

C31 – Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models

C32 – Time-Series Models

C33 – Models with Panel Data

C34 – Truncated and Censored Models

C35 – Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models

C39 – Other

C4 – Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics

C40 – General

C41 – Duration Analysis

C42 – Survey Methods

C43 – Index Numbers and Aggregation

C44 – Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research

C45 – Neural Networks and Related Topics

C49 – Other

C5 – Econometric Modeling

C50 – General

C51 – Model Construction and Estimation

C52 – Model Evaluation and Testing

C53 – Forecasting and Other Model Applications

C59 – Other

C6 – Mathematical Methods and Programming

C60 – General

C61 – Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis

C62 – Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium

C63 – Computational Techniques

C65 – Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools

C67 – Input–Output Models

C68 – Computable General Equilibrium Models

C69 – Other

C7 – Game Theory and Bargaining Theory

C70 – General

C71 – Cooperative Games

C72 – Noncooperative Games

C73 – Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games

C78 – Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory

C79 – Other

C8 – Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs

C80 – General

C81 – Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data

C82 – Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data

C87 – Econometric Software

C88 – Other Computer Software

C89 – Other

C9 – Design of Experiments

C90 – General

C91 – Laboratory, Individual Behavior

C92 – Laboratory, Group Behavior

C93 – Field Experiments

C99 – Other

4、微观经济

(D-Microeconomics)

D0 – General

D00 – General

D01 – Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles

D02 – Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations

D1 – Household Behavior and Family Economics

D10 – General

D11 – Consumer Economics: Theory

D12 – Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis

D13 – Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation

D14 – Personal Finance

D18 – Consumer Protection

D19 – Other

D2 – Production and Organizations

D20 – General

D21 – Firm Behavior

D23 – Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

D24 – Production; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity

D29 – Other

D3 – Distribution

D30 – General

D31 – Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions

D33 – Factor Income Distribution

D39 – Other

D4 – Market Structure and Pricing

D40 – General

D41 – Perfect Competition

D42 – Monopoly

D43 – Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection

D44 – Auctions

D45 – Rationing; Licensing

D46 – Value Theory

D49 – Other

D5 – General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

D50 – General

D51 – Exchange and Production Economies

D52 – Incomplete Markets

D57 – Input–Output Tables and Analysis

D58 – Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models

D59 – Other

D6 – Welfare Economics

D60 – General

D61 – Allocative Efficiency; Cost–Benefit Analysis

D62 – Externalities

D63 – Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

D64 – Altruism

D69 – Other

D7 – Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

D70 – General

D71 – Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations

D72 – Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior

D73 – Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption

D74 – Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances

D78 – Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation

D79 – Other

D8 – Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty

D80 – General

D81 – Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

D82 – Asymmetric and Private Information

D83 – Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge

D84 – Expectations; Speculations

D85 – Network Formation

D86 – Economics of Contract Law

D89 – Other

D9 – Intertemporal Choice and Growth

D90 – General

D91 – Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving

D92 – Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing

D99 – Other

5、宏观经济

(E-Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics)

E0 – General

E00 – General

E01 – Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth

E1 – General Aggregative Models

E10 – General

E11 – Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary

E12 – Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian

E13 – Neoclassical

E17 – Forecasting and Simulation

E19 – Other

E2 – Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment

E20 – General

E21 – Consumption; Saving

E22 – Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity

E23 – Production

E24 – Employment; Unemployment; Wages

E25 – Aggregate Factor Income Distribution

E26 – Informal Economy; Underground Economy

E27 – Forecasting and Simulation

E29 – Other

E3 – Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

E30 – General

E31 – Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

E32 – Business Fluctuations; Cycles

E37 – Forecasting and Simulation

E39 – Other

E4 – Money and Interest Rates

E40 – General

E41 – Demand for Money

E42 – Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System

E43 – Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates

E44 – Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

E47 – Forecasting and Simulation

E49 – Other

E5 – Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

E50 – General

E51 – Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers

E52 – Monetary Policy (Targets, Instruments, and Effects)

E58 – Central Banks and Their Policies

E59 – Other

E6 -Macroeconomic Policy Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and GeneralOutlook

E60 – General

E61 – Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

E62 – Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation

E63 – Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization

E64 – Incomes Policy; Price Policy

E65 – Studies of Particular Policy Episodes

E66 – General Outlook and Conditions

E69 – Other

6、国际经济

(F-International Economics)

F0 – GeneralF00 – General

F01 – Global Outlook

F02 – International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations ·Economic Integration and Globalization: General

F1 – Trade

F10 – General

F11 – Neoclassical Models of Trade

F12 – Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies

F13 – Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Organizations

F14 – Country and Industry Studies of Trade

F15 – Economic Integration

F16 – Trade and Labor Market Interactions

F17 – Trade Forecasting and Simulation

F18 – Trade and Environment

F19 – Other

F2 – International Factor Movements and International Business

F20 – General

F21 – International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

F22 – International Migration

F23 – Multinational Firms; International Business

F29 – Other

F3 – International Finance

F30 – General

F31 – Foreign Exchange

F32 – Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements

F33 – International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

F34 – International Lending and Debt Problems

F35 – Foreign Aid

F36 – Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

F37 – International Finance Forecasting and Simulation

F39 – Other

F4 – Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

F40 – General

F41 – Open Economy Macroeconomics

F42 – International Policy Coordination and Transmission

F43 – Economic Growth of Open Economies

F47 – Forecasting and Simulation

F49 – Other

7、金融经济

(G-Financial Economics)

G0 – General

G00 – General

G1 – General Financial Markets

G10 – General

G11 – Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

G12 – Asset Pricing

G13 – Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing

G14 – Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies

G15 – International Financial Markets

G18 – Government Policy and Regulation

G19 – Other

G2 – Financial Institutions and Services

G20 – General

G21 – Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Mortgages

G22 – Insurance; Insurance Companies

G23 – Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions

G24 – Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage

G28 – Government Policy and Regulation

G29 – Other

G3 – Corporate Finance and Governance

G30 – General

G31 – Capital Budgeting; Investment Policy

G32 – Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure

G33 – Bankruptcy; Liquidation

G34 – Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

G35 – Payout Policy

G38 – Government Policy and Regulation

G39 – Other

8、公共经济

(H-Public Economics)

H0 – General

H00 – General

H1 – Structure and Scope of Government

H10 – General

H11 – Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government

H19 – Other

H2 – Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

H20 – General

H21 – Efficiency; Optimal Taxation

H22 – Incidence

H23 – Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies

H24 – Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies

H25 – Business Taxes and Subsidies

H26 – Tax Evasion

H27 – Other Sources of Revenue

H29 – Other

H3 – Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

H30 – General

H31 – Household

H32 – Firm

H39 – Other

H4 – Publicly Provided Goods

H40 – General

H41 – Public Goods

H42 – Publicly Provided Private Goods

H43 – Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate

H49 – Other

H5 – National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

H50 – General

H51 – Government Expenditures and Health

H52 – Government Expenditures and Education

H53 – Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs

H54 – Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock

H55 – Social Security and Public Pensions

H56 – National Security and War

H57 – Procurement

H59 – Other

H6 – National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

H60 – General

H61 – Budget; Budget Systems

H62 – Deficit; Surplus

H63 – Debt; Debt Management

H69 – Other

H7 – State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

H70 – General

H71 – State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

H72 – State and Local Budget and Expenditures

H73 – Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects

H74 – State and Local Borrowing

H77 – Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism

H79 – Other

H8 – Miscellaneous Issues

H80 – General

H81 – Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Credits

H82 – Governmental Property

H83 – Public Administration

H87 – International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

H89 – Other

9、卫生经济

(I-Health, Education and Welfare)

I0 – General

I00 – General

I1 – Health

I10 – General

I11 – Analysis of Health Care Markets

I12 – Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance Abuse and Addiction, Disability, and Economic Behavior

I18 – Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

I19 – Other

I2 – Education

I20 – General

I21 – Analysis of Education

I22 – Educational Finance

I23 – Higher Education Research Institutions

I28 – Government Policy

I29 – Other

I3 – Welfare and Poverty

I30 – General

I31 – General Welfare; Basic Needs; Living Standards; Quality of Life; Happiness

I32 – Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

I38 – Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

I39 – Other

10、人口经济

(J-Labour and Demographic Economics)

J0 – General

J00 – General

J1 – Demographic Economics

J10 – General

J11 – Demographic Trends and Forecasts

J12 – Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure

J13 – Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

J14 – Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped

J15 – Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination

J16 – Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

J17 – Value of Life; Foregone Income

J18 – Public Policy

J19 – Other

J2 – Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation; Human Capital

J20 – General

J21 – Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

J22 – Time Allocation and Labor Supply

J23 – Employment Determination; Job Creation; Demand for Labor; Self-Employment

J24 – Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

J26 – Retirement; Retirement Policies

J28 – Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy

J29 – Other

J3 – Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

J30 – General

J31 – Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.

J32 – Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions

J33 – Compensation Packages; Payment Methods

J38 – Public Policy

J39 – Other

J4 – Particular Labor Markets

J40 – General

J41 – Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching Models, Efficiency Wage Models, and Internal Labor Markets

J42 – Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets

J43 – Agricultural Labor Markets

J44 – Professional Labor Markets and Occupations

J45 – Public Sector Labor Markets

J48 – Public Policy

J49 – Other

J5 – Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining

J50 – General

J51 – Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects

J52 – Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining

J53 – Labor–Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence

J54 – Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms

J58 – Public Policy

J59 – Other

J6 – Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies

J60 – General

J61 – Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

J62 – Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility

J63 – Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs

J64 – Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

J65 – Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings

J68 – Public Policy

J69 – Other

J7 – Labor Discrimination

J70 – General

J71 – Discrimination

J78 – Public Policy

J79 – Other

J8 – Labor Standards: National and International

J80 – General

J81 – Working Conditions

J82 – Labor Force Composition

J83 – Workers’ Rights

J88 – Public Policy

J89 – Other

11、法律经济

(K-Law and Economics)

K0 – General

K00 – General

K1 – Basic Areas of Law

K10 – General

K11 – Property Law

K12 – Contract Law

K13 – Tort Law and Product Liability

K14 – Criminal Law

K19 – Other

K2 – Regulation and Business Law

K20 – General

K21 – Antitrust Law

K22 – Corporation and Securities Law

K23 – Regulated Industries and Administrative Law

K29 – Other

K3 – Other Substantive Areas of Law

K30 – General

K31 – Labor Law

K32 – Environmental, Health, and Safety Law

K33 – International Law

K34 – Tax Law

K35 – Personal Bankruptcy Law

K39 – Other

K4 – Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

K40 – General

K41 – Litigation Process

K42 – Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

K49 – Other

12、产业组织

(L-Industrial Organization)

L0 – General

L00 – General

L1 – Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

L10 – General

L11 – Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

L12 – Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies

L13 – Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

L14 – Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks

L15 – Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility

L16 – Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure; Industrial Price Indices

L19 – Other

L2 – Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

L20 – General

L21 – Business Objectives of the Firm

L22 – Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical Integration; Conglomerates

L23 – Organization of Production

L24 – Contracting Out; Joint Ventures

L25 – Firm Performance: Size, Age, Profit, and Sales

L29 – Other

L3 – Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise

L30 – General

L31 – Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs

L32 – Public Enterprises

L33 – Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out

L39 – Other

L4 – Antitrust Issues and Policies

L40 – General

L41 – Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices

L42 – Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts

L43 – Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation

L44 – Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations

L49 – Other

L5 – Regulation and Industrial Policy

L50 – General

L51 – Economics of Regulation

L52 – Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods

L53 – Government Promotion of Firms

L59 – Other

L6 – Industry Studies: Manufacturing

L60 – General

L61 – Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics

L62 – Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment

L63 – Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment

L64 – Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments

L65 – Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology

L66 – Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco

L67 – Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather

L68 – Appliances; Other Consumer Durables

L69 – Other

L7 – Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction

L70 – General

L71 – Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels

L72 – Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources

L73 – Forest Products: Lumber and Paper

L74 – Construction

L78 – Government Policy

L79 – Other

L8 – Industry Studies: Services

L80 – General

L81 – Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce

L82 – Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)

L83 – Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism

L84 – Personal, Professional, and Business Services

L85 – Real Estate Services

L86 – Information and Internet Services; Computer Software

L87 – Postal and Delivery Services

L88 – Government Policy

L89 – Other

L9 – Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities

L90 – General

L91 – Transportation: General

L92 – Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports

L93 – Air Transportation

L94 – Electric Utilities

L95 – Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities

L96 – Telecommunications

L97 – Utilities: General

L98 – Government Policy

L99 – Other

13、企业管理

(M-Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting)

M0 – General

M00 – General

M1 – Business Administration

M10 – General

M11 – Production Management

M12 – Personnel Management

M13 – Entrepreneurship

M14 – Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility

M19 – Other

M2 – Business Economics

M20 – General

M21 – Business Economics

M29 – Other

M3 – Marketing and Advertising

M30 – General

M31 – Marketing

M37 – Advertising

M39 – Other

M4 – Accounting and Auditing

M40 – General

M41 – Accounting

M42 – Auditing

M49 – Other

M5 – Personnel Economics

M50 – General

M51 – Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time, temporary workers, seniority issues)

M52 – Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)

M53 – Training

M54 – Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job satisfaction)

M55 – Labor Contracting Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Other

M59 – Other

14、经济史

(N-Economic History)

N0 – General

N00 – General

N01 – Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods

N1 – Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations

N10 – General, International, or Comparative

N11 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N12 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N13 – Europe: Pre-1913

N14 – Europe: 1913–

N15 – Asia including Middle East

N16 – Latin America; Caribbean

N17 – Africa; Oceania

N2 – Financial Markets and Institutions

N20 – General, International, or Comparative

N21 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N22 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N23 – Europe: Pre-1913

N24 – Europe: 1913–

N25 – Asia including Middle East

N26 – Latin America; Caribbean

N27 – Africa; Oceania

N3 – Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth

N30 – General, International, or Comparative

N31 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N32 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N33 – Europe: Pre-1913

N34 – Europe: 1913–

N35 – Asia including Middle East

N36 – Latin America; Caribbean

N37 – Africa; Oceania

N4 – Government, War, Law, and Regulation

N40 – General, International, or Comparative

N41 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N42 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N43 – Europe: Pre-1913

N44 – Europe: 1913–

N45 – Asia including Middle East

N46 – Latin America; Caribbean

N47 – Africa; Oceania

N5 – Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries

N50 – General, International, or Comparative

N51 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N52 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N53 – Europe: Pre-1913

N54 – Europe: 1913–

N55 – Asia including Middle East

N56 – Latin America; Caribbean

N57 – Africa; Oceania

N6 – Manufacturing and Construction

N60 – General, International, or Comparative

N61 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N62 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N63 – Europe: Pre-1913

N64 – Europe: 1913–

N65 – Asia including Middle East

N66 – Latin America; Caribbean

N67 – Africa; Oceania

N7 – Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services

N70 – General, International, or Comparative

N71 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N72 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N73 – Europe: Pre-1913

N74 – Europe: 1913–

N75 – Asia including Middle East

N76 – Latin America; Caribbean

N77 – Africa; Oceania

N8 – Micro-Business History

N80 – General, International, or Comparative

N81 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N82 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N83 – Europe: Pre-1913

N84 – Europe: 1913–

N85 – Asia including Middle East

N86 – Latin America; Caribbean

N87 – Africa; Oceania

N9 – Regional and Urban History

N90 – General, International, or Comparative

N91 – U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N92 – U.S.; Canada: 1913–

N93 – Europe: Pre-1913

N94 – Europe: 1913–

N95 – Asia including Middle East

N96 – Latin America; Caribbean

N97 – Africa; Oceania

15、经济发展

(O-Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth)

O1 – Economic Development

O10 – General

O11 – Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

O12 – Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

O13 – Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products

O14 – Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

O15 – Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

O16 – Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment

O17 – Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social, Economic, and Political

O18 – Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses

O19 – International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

O2 – Development Planning and Policy

O20 – General

O21 – Planning Models; Planning Policy

O22 – Project Analysis

O23 – Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development

O24 – Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy

O29 – Other

O3 – Technological Change; Research and Development

O30 – General

O31 – Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

O32 – Management of Technological Innovation and R&D

O33 – Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

O34 – Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues

O38 – Government Policy

O39 – Other

O4 – Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

O40 – General

O41 – One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

O42 – Monetary Growth Models

O47 – Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity

O49 – Other

O5 – Economywide Country Studies

O50 – General

O51 – U.S.; Canada

O52 – Europe

O53 – Asia including Middle East

O54 – Latin America; Caribbean

O55 – Africa

O56 – Oceania

O57 – Comparative Studies of Countries

16、经济体制

(P-Economic Systems)

P0 – General

P00 – General

P1 – Capitalist Systems

P10 – General

P11 – Planning, Coordination, and Reform

P12 – Capitalist Enterprises

P13 – Cooperative Enterprises

P14 – Property Rights

P16 – Political Economy

P17 – Performance and Prospects

P19 – Other

P2 – Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies

P20 – General

P21 – Planning, Coordination, and Reform

P22 – Prices

P23 – Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population

P24 – National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

P25 – Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation

P26 – Political Economy; Property Rights

P27 – Performance and Prospects

P28 – Natural Resources; Energy; Environment

P29 – Other

P3 – Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

P30 – General

P31 – Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions

P32 – Collectives; Communes; Agriculture

P33 – International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid

P34 – Financial Economics

P35 – Public Economics

P36 – Consumer Economics; Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty

P37 – Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior

P39 – Other

P4 – Other Economic Systems

P40 – General

P41 – Planning, Coordination, and Reform

P42 – Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population

P43 – Public Economics; Financial Economics

P44 – National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

P45 – International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid

P46 – Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty

P47 – Performance and Prospects

P48 – Political Economy ·Legal Institutions; Property Rights

P49 – Other

P5 – Comparative Economic Systems

P50 – General

P51 – Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems

P52 – Comparative Studies of Particular Economies

P59 – Other

17、农业经济

(Q-Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics)

Q0 – GeneralQ00 – General

Q01 – Sustainable Development

Q1 – Agriculture

Q10 – General

Q11 – Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices

Q12 – Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets

Q13 – Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

Q14 – Agricultural Finance

Q15 – Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation

Q16 – R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services

Q17 – Agriculture in International Trade

Q18 – Agricultural Policy; Food Policy

Q19 – Other

Q2 – Renewable Resources and Conservation

Q20 – General

Q21 – Demand and Supply

Q22 – Fishery; Aquaculture

Q23 – Forestry

Q24 – Land

Q25 – Water

Q26 – Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources

Q28 – Government Policy

Q29 – Other

Q3 – Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

Q30 – General

Q31 – Demand and Supply

Q32 – Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development

Q34 – Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts

Q33 – Resource Booms

Q38 – Government Policy

Q39 – Other

Q4 – Energy

Q40 – General

Q41 – Demand and Supply

Q42 – Alternative Energy Sources

Q43 – Energy and the Macroeconomy

Q48 – Government Policy

Q49 – Other

Q5 – Environmental Economics

Q50 – General

Q51 – Valuation of Environmental Effects

Q52 – Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects

Q53 – Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste &bull Recycling

Q54 – Climate; Natural Disasters

Q55 – Technological Innovation

Q56 – Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounting

Q57 – Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics

Q58 – Government Policy

Q59 – Other

18、城市经济

(R-Urban, Rural and Regional Economics)

R0 – General

R00 – General

R1 – General Regional Economics

R10 – General

R11 – Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes

R12 – Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade

R13 – General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies

R14 – Land Use Patterns

R15 – Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models

R19 – Other

R2 – Household Analysis

R20 – General

R21 – Housing Demand

R22 – Other Demand

R23 – Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

R29 – Other

R3 – Production Analysis and Firm Location

R30 – General

R31 – Housing Supply and Markets

R32 – Other Production and Pricing Analysis

R33 – Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets

R34 – Input Demand Analysis

R38 – Government Policies; Regulatory Policies

R39 – Other

R4 – Transportation Systems

R40 – General

R41 – Transportation: Demand; Supply; Congestion; Safety and Accidents

R42 – Government and Private Investment Analysis

R48 – Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies

R49 – Other

R5 – Regional Government Analysis

R50 – General

R51 – Finance in Urban and Rural Economies

R52 – Land Use and Other Regulations

R53 – Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock

R58 – Regional Development Policy

R59 – Other

19、其他专题

(Z-Other Special Topics)

Z0 – General

Z00 – General

Z1 – Cultural Economics

Z10 – General

Z11 – Economics of the Arts and Literature

Z12 – Religion

Z13 – Social Norms and Social Capital; Social Networks

Z19 – Other