概述

操作员平衡表(Operator Balance Chart,OBC)或称为操作工负荷平衡表、操作员负荷表、Yamazumi板(Yamazumi board) 是一种根据节拍时间，来分配操作员工作的图表工具。用于帮助在多步骤、多操作员的工序中创造连续流。

操作员平衡表的运用

将操作员平衡表（OBC，即yamazumi板）安置在总装配线旁边是丰田低技术可视化管理的又一个关键所在。Yamazumi被翻译成“堆成堆”，这很好的描述了我们在平衡表上所看到的东西。不同宽度的磁条层层叠叠堆积起来在板上排成了若干纵队。在纵队旁划分出秒钟刻度，一条粉色的线高高的被拉起来到 65秒的水平。每一条磁条代表一个装配小组成员完成一项任务所花费的时间；每一纵队代表的是任务总共花费的时间。一旦由于增加产量或新产品引进而需要进行程序配平时，工作任务都能够很快被重新安排。而且，如果某位小组成员的时间未得到充分利用，也能够被立即发现——只要看看未达到粉色线的那列纵队就知道了。

装配程序时间的标准化是汽车行业提高效率的关键，丰田正在通过扩展操作员平衡表的作用来寻求前所未有的更高效率。在TMMWV的生产控制区域有一个平衡板，将装卸货车每一轮所需要的总时间划分成分钟。丰田甚至瞄准了那些非标准工作区域如设备维护作为其增加的新的标准化内容。他们坚信，他们能约束和归档的工作越具体，从已有的精益操作中挤出的效率就越高。

Operator Balance Chart

The operator balance chart is a visual display of the number of operators and the cycle times at each operation of a particular process.

The chart is a bar chart, and is created as follows:

operations and numbers of operators on the x-axis

cycle times op the operations at the y-axis

takt time on the y-axis

An operator balance chart looks like this:

operators

Now we can calculate the number of operators needed (total cycle time divided by takt time): 298 / 90 = 3.31

Before defining the exact number of operators at each operation, we will first perform the following actions:

elimininate waste in the process

improve operations

simplify operations

automate operations

combine operations

implement standardized work: a set of work procedures that establishes the best method and sequence for each process.

The operator balance chart will then look like:

图2

The total cycle time has been reduced from 298 to 270, and the process can be done with 3 operators.